Pakistan Business Review
type: channel
description: Pakistan Business Review Pakistan Business Review (PBR) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal that publishes original and high-quality research in all major areas of business, economics, and management sciences. The journal welcomes research articles and research-based case studies in diverse fields, including strategy, marketing, management, human resource management, finance, accounting, business ethics, entrepreneurship, economics, business psychology, social marketing, and business analytics. Its mission is to provide a global platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners to share original and unpublished work that contributes to theory, practice, and policy in business and related disciplines.
publisher: Institute of Business Management, College of Business Management
language: en
publication name: Pakistan Business Review
issn: 1561-8706
items: Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Decision-Making in Higher Education Leadership
items: Are Generation-Z Investors Ready for Sustainable Finance? The Impact of Financial Literacy on ESG Investment Intention in Pakistan
items: Sip, Sense, Stay: The Secret Recipe for Customer Loyalty in Karachi's Cafe Culture
items: The Influence of Digital Technologies, Cultural Diversity, Innovation Capability and Open Innovation on Firm Performance: The Role of Entrepreneurial orientation
items: Strength in Bonds: The Impact of LMX Congruence on Employee Resilience and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
items: Bitcoin Sentiment Index and its Impact on Stock Market Returns: An Evidence from 28 countries
items: Human Resource Audit Practices and Impediments in Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan; A Comprehensive Framework for Emerging Economies
items: Climate Change will impact Natural Calamities, Socio-Economic activities, Health, Nutrition, Crops, Biodiversity, Costal & Marine Life and Regional Diplomacy in CPEC Region
items: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of HPWS and Work Alienation: The Roles of Thriving at Work and Promotion Focus
items: https://journals.iobm.edu.pk/index.php/pbr/article/view/1442
items: What Persuades Muslim Female Consumers to Purchase Halal-Certified Beauty Products? – An Empirical Evidence from the Pakistani Cosmetic Industry
items: Impact of Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards-9 on Profitability and Dividend Payouts Ratio of Pakistani Banks
items: Impact of Corporate and Sustainability Reporting Quality on Firm's Performance: Pakistan’s Perspective
items: Corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan’s Banking Sector: A Critical Analysis, SDG Alignment and Way Forward
items: Herding in Oil-Rich Markets Evidence from Saudi Arabia and the UAE
items: A Qualitative Analysis of Followership Behaviors among University Teachers in Balochistan : An Exploratory Study
items: Divergent Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on European Banks Profitability: Role of Capital Adequacy Ratio
items: The Impact of Traditional Monetary Policy and theModerating Role of Macroprudential Policy onPakistan’s Financial Stability
items: Triple Bottom-Line: A Critical Review and Need for Strategic Renewal
items: Beyond Inclusion: An Empirical Study of Religious Minorities’ Perceptions Towards Idiosyncratic Deals and Workplace Ostracism
items: Analysis of Pakistan’s comparative advantage in Sugar Industry Products
items: The Role of Empathy in Enhancing Workplace Performance: A Systematic Review with Insights from Pakistani Financial Institutions
items: Unlocking Investment Potential in Agriculture: An ISM-Based Challenge Analysis
items: Interactional Injustice, Stress, and the Rise of Coworker Incivility: A Time-Lagged Study in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
items: Cognitive and Emotional Drivers of Risk Perception and Financial Success: Pakistan Stock Market Perspective
items: Impact of Capital Structure, Corporate Governance, Macroeconomic Factor on Financial Distress of Shariah Compliant Firms in Pakistan
items: Trust Mechanisms in the Sharing Economy
items: Impact of Social Media Influencers on Follower’s Purchase Intention and the Mediation Effect of Consumer Attitude
items: Investigating the Relationship between ERP-Related Technostress and Employee Performance
items: Cryptocurrency Predictive Analytics: A Comparative Study of LSTM, CNN, and GRU Models

Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Decision-Making in Higher Education Leadership
type: item
description: The adoption of AI can be beneficial in the educational market where the privilege of data collection and analysis can support policymakers and leaders in handling comprehensive data and meeting the challenges of providing quality education overall in higher education. The study aims to review the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Decision-Making in Higher Education Leadership specifications. The study has chosen the primary quantitative method. A set of 150 sample has been used to explore the specific method. The data has been tested using PLS software. The final outlook has been created using the results based on the excel sheets based on the results for 4 hypotheses. All the hypotheses are proved as positive and it is found that artificial intelligence has a positive impact on leadership effectiveness in higher education. This has been proved using the variables and checking their influence. Based on results, study recommends the use of AI in leadership in higher education. It is recommended that the monitoring should be done and it should be made sure that the correct use of the relevant operations have been used.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: Noman Ahsan
creator: Hafiza Al Haya Sarfaraz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Noman Ahsan, Hafiza Al Haya Sarfaraz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 511
ending page: 531
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1467

Are Generation-Z Investors Ready for Sustainable Finance? The Impact of Financial Literacy on ESG Investment Intention in Pakistan
type: item
description: The primary objective of the study is to examine how financial literacy shapes governance practices and investment decisions among Pakistani Generation Z regarding environmental and social norms. In this relationship, financial confidence and risk tolerance were taken as the mediating variables. Primary data were gathered using a Google Forms survey targeting Generation Z investors in Pakistan who have at least a month of stock market experience, execute at least 1 trade per month, and are conversant with ESG financial tools. The current research study used 401 valid responses. A non-convenient sample was used in the study, and the snowball sampling technique was used for the collection of data by using a well-structured questionnaire based on the existing scales. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was investigated using the SmartPLS program. The study results showed that financial literacy had a significant positive impact on the intention to make investments in the field of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) (? = 0.435, p < 0.001). Financial confidence and risk tolerance were mediating variables; their combined positive influence on willingness to invest in ESG was (? = 0.403, p<0.001) and (? = 0.275, p<0.001), respectively. The overall advantageous impact on financial confidence (? = 0.358, p < 0.001) and risk tolerance (? = 0.614, p < 0.001) was positive with financial literacy. The linkages between ESG investment and financial literacy using financial confidence were (?= 0.144, p<0.001), and using risk tolerance were (?= 0.169, p<0.001). The model described 66.3% of the variance in the ESG investment decisions (R2 = 0.663). Additionally, this study contributes to the creation of an insight into the most pertinent factors influencing Gen-Z ESG investing intentions in Pakistan. It is one of the few works providing an understanding of sustainable finance in the emergent market and serves as a guideline to policymakers, financial organizati…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial literacy (FL)
  topic: keywords
subject: financial confidence (FC)
  topic: keywords
subject: risk tolerance (RT)
  topic: keywords
subject: ESG investment intention
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Generation Z
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan stock exchange
  topic: keywords
creator: Umar Hayat
creator: Adeel Akhtar
creator: Asma Nawaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Hayat, Adeel Akhtar, Asma Nawaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 463
ending page: 488
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1552

Sip, Sense, Stay: The Secret Recipe for Customer Loyalty in Karachi's Cafe Culture
type: item
description: The present study aimed to determine the effect of sensory experience, behavioral experience, and the perceived quality on the repurchase intention of the customers of premium and specialty coffee shops in Karachi, Pakistan, where the perceived luxuriousness was placed at the center of the mediating process. The study used a structured questionnaire administered to 410 actual customers, and 390 valid, complete responses were received. The information was gathered through in-person intercepts (of over 20 high-traffic stores in key locations of Karachi) and online distribution via Google forms distributed on social media and cafe loyalty pages. The data was cross-sectioned and collected at a single point in time and which constitutes a limitation of this study. PLS-SEM was used to test the conceptual framework in Smart PLS 4.0. The study of 390 Karachi coffee shop customers revealed that perceived quality most strongly drives perceived luxuriousness, followed by sensory experience and behavioral experience. Perceived luxuriousness emerged as the dominant predictor of repurchase intention, partially mediating the effects of all three antecedents, highlighting that cultivating an aspirational luxurious image is key to fostering customer loyalty in this emerging market. Cafe proprietors must consider perceived luxuriousness as the final strategic goal: preserve relentless product quality as the base, followed by a conscious effort to design all sensory and behavioral touchpoints that enhance the sense of classiness, scarcity, and prestige.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sensory experience
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived luxuriousness
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioral expertise
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived quality
  topic: keywords
subject: repurchase intention
  topic: keywords
subject: coffee shops Karachi
  topic: keywords
subject: coffee consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging market
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Syed
creator: Salman Hameed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ayesha Syed, Salman Hameed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 489
ending page: 510
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1550

The Influence of Digital Technologies, Cultural Diversity, Innovation Capability and Open Innovation on Firm Performance: The Role of Entrepreneurial orientation
type: item
description: The aim of this research paper is to discover the arbitrating influence of the entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship between Cultural Diversity and Firm Performance as well as between digital technology and firm performance. Another aim of this study is to test the association in-between Open Innovation and the Firm Performance as well as the association between innovation capability and firm performance. SMEs with 5 to 300 employees in Sindh province, Pakistan was utilized to obtain the required data. This article chose SMEs as they form a very important part of the Pakistan economic participation. The hypothesized relationships in the proposed framework were conducted using Smart-PLS. The results reveal that EO, DT, OI and IC have a significant relation with FP. More so, the findings are an indication that the EO is seen as an intervening aspect in the connection between CD and FP. The results of this study are also indicators that EO is a major mediator between DT and FP. Moreover, the results will equip researchers and managers with the better understanding capability of the certain role that the EO plays as the mediator. The findings further show that companies ought to concentrate on how the resources can be utilized to improve their capabilities which will lead to improved performance. The findings motivate the firms to seize the opportunity of new digital technologies and trend of digitalization in industries by being committed in adopting new digital technologies and in modernizing the performance of firms in terms of digital capabilities by becoming leaders in innovation besides enhancing performance of firms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurial orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: Firm performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation capability
  topic: keywords
subject: Open innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital technology
  topic: keywords
creator: SH. M. Fakhr-e-Alam Siddiqui
creator: Ayesha Ikram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SH. M. Fakhr-e-Alam Siddiqui, Ayesha Ikram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 408
ending page: 438
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1498

Strength in Bonds: The Impact of LMX Congruence on Employee Resilience and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
type: item
description: This study aims to investigate how congruence or incongruence in leader–member exchange (LMX) quality influences employee resilience as an immediate outcome and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as a distant outcome. We focus on OCBO rather than OCBI because behaviors that benefit the organization are more directly influenced by role clarity and cognitive evaluations, which are central to leader-member dyadic congruence. This allows us to examine how aligned perceptions of LMX quality shape broader organizational outcomes through employee resilience. Additionally, this study extends LMX research by examining how both the quality of LMX and the congruence between leaders’ and members’ perceptions of this relationship influence employee developable outcomes, particularly resilience. Data were collected from N = 180 matched leader-member dyads in field settings and were analyzed using polynomial regression and response surface methodology. The findings revealed that incongruence in leader-member exchange (LMX) quality was less effective in promoting employee resilience compared to LMX congruence. Both high and low levels of LMX congruence positively influenced employee resilience and organizational citizenship behavior (OCBO), whereas varying degrees of incongruence had negative effects on these outcomes. Additionally, resilience partially mediated the relationship between LMX (in)congruence and OCBO. By integrating and comparing different dyadic relationship configurations, including high–high and low–low congruence, this study highlights the nuanced effects of leader–member perceptual alignment on employee outcomes such as resilience and OCBO. A key practical insight is that congruence in LMX quality, whether at high or low levels, strengthens resilience and OCBO, but the most favorable outcomes occur when both leaders and members perceive high-quality LMX.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: LMX congruence
  topic: keywords
subject: citizenship behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: employee resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: polynomial regression
  topic: keywords
creator: Tamania Khan
creator: Aqsa Akbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tamania Khan, Aqsa Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 439
ending page: 462
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1517

Bitcoin Sentiment Index and its Impact on Stock Market Returns: An Evidence from 28 countries
type: item
description: Investor psychology is one of the determinants of asset pricing according to Behavioral Finance. The tool of diversification is used for increasing returns and avoiding risk. In this study, Bitcoin as a new investment avenue is explored. The main objective of this study is to measure the effect of the Bitcoin investors’ sentiments on the stock market returns of developed and developing countries worldwide. This impact is measured through a newly constructed sentiment index for each of the 28 sample countries. For the sample period of 01st Jan 2014 to 30th May 2023 on a daily basis, data, such as an impact, is measured through the ordinary least squares OLS method. The findings suggest that the(negative and positive) Bitcoin Sentiment Index significantly affects the stock market returns of the 28 sample countries. Furthermore, Bitcoin shares characteristics with other financial assets and commodities, making it suitable for inclusion in an ideal portfolio.These findings have crucial empirical implications for investors, policymakers, and cross-border portfolio managers, who must make informed short-term and long-term decisions to plan their diversification strategies and consider including Bitcoin as a financial asset.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Behavioural finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Bitcoin sentiment index
  topic: keywords
subject: ordinary least square
  topic: keywords
subject: regression
  topic: keywords
subject: stock return
  topic: keywords
creator: Najma Ali Soomro
creator: Niaz Hussain Ghumro
creator: Khalid Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Najma Ali Soomro, Niaz Hussain Ghumro, Khalid Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 363
ending page: 379
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1502

Human Resource Audit Practices and Impediments in Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan; A Comprehensive Framework for Emerging Economies
type: item
description: This study examines human resource audit practices and challenges that manufacturing organizations in Pakistan are facing. The manufacturing sector in Pakistan faces limited HR capacity and gaps in compliance systems that affects organizational performance. However, there is limited understanding of how HR audits are actually performed and implemented in this context. In this study, a qualitative research method was used, and data were collected through semi structured interviews from 15 experienced HR professionals in the manufacturing industry of Pakistan. For qualitative data analysis, NVivo-14 software is used, where a six steps thematic analysis approach of <!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"duhCJpeG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Braun & Clarke, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Braun & Clarke, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":166,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/15466753/items/GGPQUU8M"],"itemData":{"id":166,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology","DOI":"10.1191/1478088706qp063oa","ISSN":"1478-0887, 1478-0895","issue":"2","journalAbbreviation":"Qualitative Research in Psychology","language":"en","page":"77-101","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":[{"family":"Braun","given":"Virginia"},{"family":"Clarke","given":"Victoria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006",1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(Braun & Clarke, 2006)<!-- [if supportFields]><![endif]--> was applied to generate and interpret the appropriate themes. The findings of the research demonstrated the key processes, challenges and benefits associated with HR audits. The results discovered that along with the challenges HR audit practices also have significant value for the manufacturing sector. On the basis of these findings, an HR audit framework is proposed which is designed to addres…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HR Audit
  topic: keywords
subject: HR audit framework
  topic: keywords
subject: HR audit practices
  topic: keywords
subject: HR audit constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: HR audit significance
  topic: keywords
subject: Manufacturing sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
subject: thematic analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Saeed
creator: Ghulam Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Saeed, Ghulam Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 380
ending page: 407
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i4.1470

Climate Change will impact Natural Calamities, Socio-Economic activities, Health, Nutrition, Crops, Biodiversity, Costal & Marine Life and Regional Diplomacy in CPEC Region
type: item
description: Although China Pakistan Economic Corridor was envisaged by former Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai in 1963 as a link to the Middle East market for Chinese product, however was formally announced in 2015. Since its inception, most of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor Phase-1 projects, including electricity, communication infrastructure, Gwadar Port and Gwadar International Airport have been completed, however a phase comprising of social sector development projects is under progress. Focus of future development includes cooperation among industrial, science, technology and agricultural sectors. Development of Special Economic Zones, oil and natural gas pipelines, Gwadar Port and Main Line-1 Railway Project needs special attention for an early completion. The progress of China Pakistan Economic Corridor, especially being a flagship component of ever-expanding Chinese Belt Road Initiative has emerged as a point of concern for a few Extra Regional and Regional Powers, which are endeavouring to implicate China Pakistan Economic Corridor by creating terrorism-based security scenario in Pakistani coastal Balochistan province. Both Chinese and Pakistani nations are working relentlessly to end the malicious menace of terrorism. Apart from the threat of terrorism, China Pakistan Economic Corridor is also facing the hazardous impacts of climate change in form of cloud bursts, glacier melting and floods due to increasing temperatures. It needs to be analysed by conducting qualitative research by collecting the available information and deducing the fact pragmatically that the hazards of climate change can cause more damage in comparison with terrorism hence there is a need to address such impacts diligently for prudent solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: impact
  topic: keywords
subject: CPEC
  topic: keywords
subject: challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: rising
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature and terrorism
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Yaser Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hasan Yaser Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 341
ending page: 362
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i3.1460

A Moderated Mediation Analysis of HPWS and Work Alienation: The Roles of Thriving at Work and Promotion Focus
type: item
description: This study explores how high-performance work systems (HPWS) reduce employee work alienation through a moderated mediation framework grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory. It posits that HPWS not only directly diminishes feelings of alienation but also indirectly does so by enhancing thriving at work. Additionally, this study identifies promotion focus as a key boundary condition that strengthens the indirect HPWS ? thriving ? alienation pathway. Data were collected from 524 managerial employees in Pakistan’s banking sector, a high-pressure setting where HPWS is widely implemented, by employing a three-wave time-lagged survey with four-week intervals. Analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS macro confirmed that HPWS significantly lowers work alienation, thriving at work serves as a mediating mechanism, and promotion focus moderates the thriving–alienation relationship, with promotion-focused employees deriving greater protective benefits from it. A significant moderated mediation effect was also observed in this study. These findings contribute to COR theory by illustrating how resource gain spirals function within service industries and suggest practical interventions, such as promotion-focused training, transparent communication of HPWS goals, thriving-centered wellness initiatives, and the integration of regulatory focus principles into HR practices. The results of this study have significant practical implications for bank managers who want to alleviate work alienation by examining its causes of work alienation at the individual level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High-performance work system (HPWS)
  topic: keywords
subject: thriving at work
  topic: keywords
subject: work alienation
  topic: keywords
subject: promotion focus
  topic: keywords
creator: Shumaila Atiq
creator: Imran shafique
creator: Amad Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 shumaila atiq Atiq, imran shafique, Amad Rashid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 267
ending page: 290
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i3.1449

https://journals.iobm.edu.pk/index.php/pbr/article/view/1442
type: item
title: How do emotional exhaustion and work overload experienced by frontline employees influence perceived customer discrimination among minority customers? Mediating role of psychological contract violation
description: COVID-19 has altered service operations and heightened job stressors for frontline employees in the service sector. The current study develops a conceptual model connecting pandemic-related job demands—emotional exhaustion and work overload—to perceived customer discrimination through psychological contract violation. More precisely, we propose that these job demands affect perceived customer discrimination directly and indirectly through psychological contract violation. We evaluated the hypotheses using matched employee–customer (dyadic) responses. A total of 299 usable dyadic responses were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) supports hypothesized relationships. Both emotional exhaustion and work overload were positively associated with perceived overt and subtle discrimination. Moreover, psychological contract violation partially mediated these effects except for emotional exhaustion on overt discrimination. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of these findings for the service industry, along with limitations and future research directions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Job demands; emotional exhaustion
  topic: keywords
subject: work overload
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological contract violation
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived customer discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: overt discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: subtle discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: employee–customer (dyadic) responses
  topic: keywords
subject: service management
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Shakeel Aslam
creator: Farhan Ahmed
creator: Saif ul Haq
creator: Samia Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Shakeel Aslam, Farhan Ahmed, Saif ul Haq, Samia Tariq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 291
ending page: 314
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i3.1442

What Persuades Muslim Female Consumers to Purchase Halal-Certified Beauty Products? – An Empirical Evidence from the Pakistani Cosmetic Industry
type: item
description: The demand for Halal products across various sectors is rising, driven by the increasing global Muslim population. Brands are designing products and services, complying with Islamic values and beliefs to satisfy Muslim customers by making them realize that their religious beliefs are unviolated during the consumption and usage of such products/services. However, due to the scarcity of existing literature there is a need to study consumer behavior of Halal brands, particularly in the cosmetic sector. Therefore, this research identifies the antecedents of buying behavior of female Muslim customers in the context of Shariah Compliant beauty products in the developing landscape of Pakistan. This study aims to examine the effect of internal variables, including availability, generativity, and skepticism, in addition to the traditional constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, on the purchase intention, modifying the current theory. Furthermore, the novel relationship between world-view orientation and actual purchase behavior is also identified. This research employs a quantitative approach, and a conceptual model is formulated to study the actual purchase behavior of Halal cosmetic buyers in Pakistan. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire is used to collect information from 250 female customers of Halal cosmetic brands. The model is tested via smart PLS-4 employing the PLS-SEM technique to assess the relationships between model variables. The findings of the study indicated a strong positive association between availability, generativity, attitude and PI, along with a similar relationship between world-view orientation and PB. This study would help the brands to anticipate the needs of Halal cosmetic consumers and develop offerings to fulfill those needs, providing meaningful implications to cosmetic brands to monitor the buying patterns of Muslim consumers and devise strategies to reach them. Consequently, it would add value to the halal cosmetic sector by examin…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Halal cosmetics
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: world-view orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: actual purchase behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: generativity
  topic: keywords
creator: Atiya Jan Muhammad
creator: Syed Shahid Zaheer Zaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Atiya Jan Muhammad, Syed Shahid Zaheer Zaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 315
ending page: 340
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i3.1429

Impact of Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards-9 on Profitability and Dividend Payouts Ratio of Pakistani Banks
type: item
description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standards-IFRS-9 implementation on earnings and dividend payouts ratio of Pakistani banks. The data is collected from the yearly financial reports of banks from 2008 to 2020. For that purpose, panel regression method is utilized. The study reveals, a positive relation among the IFRS-9 and earnings of banks in Pakistan. While, there is negative association among the IFRS-9 and dividend payouts ratio of banks in Pakistan. The Institute of Chartered Accountant of Pakistan (ICAP) may provide training and development program for auditors and other related members, thereby significantly improving the implementation of IFRS 9 in banking sector of Pakistan. Therefore, this study contributes for the regulators, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP), Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), auditors, investors and other stakeholders of banking sector of Pakistan. This study has not been investigated before as per my knowledge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: (International Financial Reporting Standards-IFRS-9 implementation, Earnings per Share, Dividend Payouts Ratio, Pakistan Banking Sector, Stakeholders.)
  topic: keywords
creator: Mazhar Hussain Choudhary
creator: Husnain Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mazhar Hussain Choudhary, Husnain Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 129
ending page: 141
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i2.1415

Impact of Corporate and Sustainability Reporting Quality on Firm's Performance: Pakistan’s Perspective
type: item
description: Corporate sustainability reporting (CSR) is an essential component of corporate governance. This study examines the effect of corporate sustainability reporting on firm performance. The research examines the quality of disclosures for corporate sustainability practices and their implications for operating, financial, and market performance, as well as the holding period return of the stocks. A scoring index is constructed based on the hierarchical awards announced for best corporate and sustainability reports, published jointly by the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Pakistan (ICAP) and the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, Pakistan (ICMAP). Empirical evidence indicates that the quality of disclosures and reporting related to Corporate Sustainability Practices has an insignificant effect on corporate performance in the context of Pakistan. The evidence can be ascribed to determinants such as economic and political instability, lack of commitment by boards and top management team, limited stakeholder engagement and over-investment in ESG initiatives. To effectively navigate the unique challenges associated with Pakistan, development of tailor-made indigenous framework is required, to facilitate corporate transparency in the form of CSR / ESG initiatives’ reporting that can improve firm valuation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corporate sustainability reporting (CSR)
  topic: keywords
subject: quality disclosures
  topic: keywords
subject: operating performance
  topic: keywords
subject: financial performance
  topic: keywords
subject: market performance
  topic: keywords
subject: stock price holding returns
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging economy
  topic: keywords
subject: best corporate and sustainability report awards
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahra Ashfaque
creator: Nauman Amin
creator: Saqib Sharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Ashfaque Nizami, Dr. Nauman J. Amin, Dr. Saqib Sharif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 235
ending page: 266
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i3.1389

Corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan’s Banking Sector: A Critical Analysis, SDG Alignment and Way Forward
type: item
description: This case study is an exploratory study of the current CSR environment in the Banking Industry of Pakistan. The inclusive case studies that present the critique, way forward, and SDG alignment for the banking sector of developing economies has been a literary gap. This creates a high call for case studies that could pave the way forward for inclusive theoretical as well as empirical sense for the concerned problem. The observations, experience, insight, and pattern extraction from primary as well as secondary data on the subject concerned in terms of the Pakistani Banking sector were the building blocks and method for the research case study. The findings are presented in the form of workable solutions. The value of this research endeavour is depicted through the implications that could be inferred from the workable solutions for steering the positive impact of CSR by the Banking sector towards the overall society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CSR, Banking Industry, Pakistan, SDG alignment, Workable Solutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Faheem A. Qureshi
creator: Muhammad Ali Baig
creator: Imran Bashir Dar
creator: Qaisar Ali Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Imran Bashir Dar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 189
ending page: 199
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i2.1390

Herding in Oil-Rich Markets Evidence from Saudi Arabia and the UAE
type: item
description: This paper examines herding behaviour in the Saudi Arabia Stock market in Saudi Arabia (Tadawul), the UAE stock market (The Dubai Stock Market) between January 2001 and December 2023, looking at oil-rich economies susceptible to commodity price fluctuations in addition to investor sentiment. With the help of the State Space model, CSSD and CSAD models, the study validates the existence of herding in both markets, especially in times of market stresses and financial crises. In Saudi Arabia, herding is more prevalent due to the strong retail investor involvement and low foreign investments, whereas, in the UAE, herding is prevelant during financial crisis and shocks. These findings explain the variations in herding intensity because of market structures, regulatory systems, and investor composition. The implications of the findings extend to investors, regulators, and policymakers recommending suitable risk management practices, country specific regulatory response, and a more transparent market. The use of behavioral understanding in forecasting models and policy frameworks can probably enhance stability in the markets and also lead to investor trust in these new financial markets.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herding behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
subject: UAE
  topic: keywords
subject: stock markets
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioural finance
  topic: keywords
subject: oil-rich economies
  topic: keywords
creator: Vijay Kumar
creator: Syed Shabib Ul Hasan
creator: Sultan Salahuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vijay Kumar, Syed Shabib Ul Hasan, Sultan Salahuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 166
ending page: 188
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i2.1388

A Qualitative Analysis of Followership Behaviors among University Teachers in Balochistan : An Exploratory Study
type: item
description: Followership behavior is an important aspect of leadership. It is believed that leadership, with followership, is nothing. That is why; this construct has gained a great deal of management researchers. Researchers, around the globe have presented various models of followership styles or behaviors. However, this study, drawing upon the Kelly’s Model of Followership, explored the followership styles of university teachers in Balochistan, Pakistan. Due to qualitative and exploratory nature, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. These interviews were properly transcribed and then converted into ‘codes’ and ‘themes’ for analysis. These ‘codes’ and ‘themes’ were then matched with the styles in Kelly’s Model. Results indicate that ‘Exemplary style’ prevails most among faculty members in HEI’s of Balochistan. In the end, certain important insights and implications are discussed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Followership Behaviors, University Teachers, Baluchistan.
  topic: keywords
creator: Raheela Maula Bakhsh
creator: Anjum Parvez
creator: Ammarah Ahmed
creator: Zonia Nabil Farooqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raheela Maula-Bakhsh, Dr. Anjum Parvez, Dr. Ammarah Ahmed, Zonia Nabil Farooqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 142
ending page: 165
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i2.1387

Divergent Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on European Banks Profitability: Role of Capital Adequacy Ratio
type: item
description: This study aims to shed light on how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects the profitability of European banks across various banking groups and how capital adequacy ratio (CAR) moderates this relationship. Quantile regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship for 3941 yearly observations for the period from 2010 to 2020 for banks in 12 European countries. The findings indicate that the impact of EPU on profitability differs significantly depending on the kind of bank. For instance, while Investment and Saving Banks remain unaffected or even profit from greater EPU, Bank Holdings, Commercial Banks, Real Estate and Mortgage Banks, and Islamic Banks all see a decline in profitability due to EPU. CAR moderates the negative relationship between EPU and bank profitability, but the impact is asymmetrical among different types of banks. Overall, the paper's findings emphasize how crucial bank-specific traits like institutional framework, business focus, and risk attitude determine how banks respond to shifts in EPU. The diverse impacts of EPU on bank profit by category show that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to policy intervention in the banking industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EPU
  topic: keywords
subject: quantile regression
  topic: keywords
subject: banks profitability
  topic: keywords
subject: capital adequacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Shahzad
creator: Ammar Abid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Shahzad, Ammar Abid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 29
ending page: 63
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i1.1367

The Impact of Traditional Monetary Policy and theModerating Role of Macroprudential Policy onPakistan’s Financial Stability
type: item
description: This study empirically investigates the impact of traditional monetary policy and the moderating role of macroprudential policy on Pakistan’s financial stability. Panel data (2008–2023) of top 20 banks were examined with Hausman test, fixed, and random-effects models. The study assesses financial stability through bank performance (ROA, ROE,NIM) and risk indicators (z-score, LLP). The independent variables include discount rate and inter-bank offer rate. The findings indicate that tight monetary policy improves banks performance as it enhances ROE, however it has no impact on banks ROA and NIM. In addition, monetary policy doesn’t have any impact on bank default risk i-e z-score, however, tight monetary policy reduce LLP hence enhances bank asset quality. Moderation analysis finds that macroprudential policy reduces NIM hence depress banks performance, although it has no moderating effect on bank risk. The monetary policy exerts a positive influence on banks’ profitability and asset quality, whereas macroprudential policy tends to suppress bank performance. Hence, monetary policy instruments are more effective than macroprudential policy for financial stability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monetary policy, Macroprudential policy, Financial stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Abbas
creator: Sayed Irshad Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Abbas, Dr. Sayed Irshad Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 200
ending page: 234
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i2.1386

Triple Bottom-Line: A Critical Review and Need for Strategic Renewal
type: item
description: The concept of Triple Bottom Line (TBL), as proposed by John Elkington in 1994, is centered on three pillars of sustainability: Economic Performance, Social Performance and Environmental Performance. The TBL initially received much attention from industry and academia. Nevertheless, given the rapidly changing global corporate landscape, there is an overarching need for a more balanced and comprehensive perspective for deriving sustainable performance outcomes. Several authors, including Elkington, have identified some limitations in the current TBL framework. Keeping this in mind, this paper critically identified and evaluated the critique done by the prior researchers. In this regard, the data were collected using the Scopus database by using Boolean search terms. A systematic search of 156 studies was performed, followed by removal of duplicates, relevance screening and quality assessment to achieve 36 critically analyzed articles. These were coded and categorized to recognize gaps and suggested solutions regarding the TBL framework. Based on a critical review and literature inquiry, this research identified and discussed seven major criticisms on the TBL approach. This research recommends that if contemporary business firms ought to reap maximum value benefit, the underlying criticisms must be addressed as part of the strategic renewal of the existing TBL framework. The renewed TBL framework would consequently assist the business firms in creating, sustaining and maximizing the performance advantage for diverse organizational stakeholders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Triple bottom line
  topic: keywords
subject: critical review
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable firm performance
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: economic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental performance
  topic: keywords
subject: social performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif Ali Bhatti
creator: Junaid Rehman
creator: Muhammad Ibrahim Shamsi
creator: Komal Shamim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Junaid Rehman, Asif Ali Bhatti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 28
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i1.1368

Beyond Inclusion: An Empirical Study of Religious Minorities’ Perceptions Towards Idiosyncratic Deals and Workplace Ostracism
type: item
description: Fairness in the workplace is a key component of organizational justice. However, disparities in the granting of Idiosyncratic deals (I-deals) can lead to a perception of injustice among bystanders. These perceived inequities can trigger negative emotional and behavioral responses, such as malicious envy and workplace ostracism. This study investigates the relationship between co-worker perception of other employees’ I-deals and workplace ostracism, with serial mediation considering perceived I-deals differentiation and malicious envy. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 330 employees across 26 departments within the Government of Balochistan, Pakistan. Religious minority groups were chosen as participants in this study with the perception of purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to test the relationships that were proposed. The findings demonstrate that perceptions of inequality in the allocation of I-deals ignite the process of social comparisons, boost an ill feeling of envy, and eventually culminate in ostracism in the workplace. The results emphasize the essence of fair and transparent human resource practices in reducing these negative organization aspects. Enhancing equity in assigning I-deals enables the organization to practice inclusiveness at the workplace, which improves the well-being of employees and social cohesion. The study fits the overall discussion on workplace fairness, social exchange processes, and relationships between different groups and other goals, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 10, that are related to inequality reduction, and SDG 16, which promotes peace, justice, and stable institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Idiosyncratic deals
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived I-deals differentiation
  topic: keywords
subject: malicious envy
  topic: keywords
subject: workplace ostracism
  topic: keywords
subject: SDGS
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramish Zafar Bhatti
creator: Beenish Malik
creator: Mir Dost
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ramish Zafar Bhatti, Dr. Beenish Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 101
ending page: 128
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i1.1356

Analysis of Pakistan’s comparative advantage in Sugar Industry Products
type: item
description: This study evaluates Pakistan’s comparative advantage in sugar industry products by analyzing export data from 2013 to 2022. It examines trends and performance of Pakistan’s sugar industry products relative to global competitors using the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index. The NRCA index is preferred as it addresses the conventional need to normalize comparative advantage measures across countries and products, thereby providing more accurate insights into the competitiveness and magnitude of various countries’ comparative advantages in particular product categories. The results indicate that Pakistan possesses a clear comparative advantage in four categories of sugar products, while it has an unstable and wavering comparative advantage in HS 1701 (table sugar). The magnitude of this advantage comparative advantage is better and consistent in three categories of sugar products and inconsistent in the remaining two categories. Despite these advantages, Pakistan’s export shares across all product categories are low, indicating that the country has not capitalized on export opportunities in the international market. The results highlight the need for Pakistan to enhance export promotion efforts, especially in processed and value-added sectors, and to undertake relevant policy reform.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sugar industry
  topic: keywords
subject: NRCA
  topic: keywords
subject: sugar export
  topic: keywords
subject: competitiveness
  topic: keywords
creator: Qadeer Ahmed Bhutto
creator: Hisaya Oda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Qadeer Ahmed Bhutto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 64
ending page: 80
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i1.1359

The Role of Empathy in Enhancing Workplace Performance: A Systematic Review with Insights from Pakistani Financial Institutions
type: item
description: The concept of empathy, has gained increasing importance and support in the existing literature. Particularly, fostering positive dynamics within the human social exchanges in workplaces. Management in organizations that believe in empathy boosts employee engagement, organizational productivity, high customer satisfaction, and overall professional enhancement with entire stake stakeholders. To support further, how empathy relates to strategic outcomes, the Social exchange theory, Systems Theory, and Perception Action Model have been studied for understanding empathy concerning organizational gains at bigger and better levels in the present theoretical and review-based research. Furthermore, empathy plays a significant role within the context of Pakistani financial institutions in these organizations usual practices concerning empathy are varied. Some may have considerations towards employees and customers generally, and some may be more empathic towards customers, and other banks and institutions might have some degree of empathy for employees. A comparative analysis of the studies in cultural parameters would help policymakers, practitioners, managers and key stakeholders to understand the value of empathy and observe it even more for sustainability. The PRISMA approach has been used in presenting a picturesque image of databases, exclusion criteria and inclusion criteria of articles for a clear understanding of the audience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: To enhance business performance by focusing on ampathy and its impact on employees performance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asiya Gul
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asiya Gul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 81
ending page: 100
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v27i1.1302

Unlocking Investment Potential in Agriculture: An ISM-Based Challenge Analysis
type: item
description: Impact funds have become common in the past few years due to the urgent need to adopt sustainable practices. The practice of sustainable financial investment techniques is urgently required to efficiently control the aftereffects of environmental deregulation, climate change, emissions, nuclear attacks, and human harm. All these situations create global concerns and are directed towards generating hunger and food crises. The emerging concept of impact funds is significant but is hindered by many challenges in its adoption phase. Still, no study has identified and listed the challenges in adopting impact funds. The present study has identified and ranked the challenges faced by the individual investors of impact funds in a hierarchical model by adopting the ISM approach. An in-depth literature review was conducted, and knowledgeable comments from the panel of 15 experts were taken to explore the contextual relations among the listed challenges. R software performed the ISM and MICMAC analyses of the 17 final obstacles. The impediments were ranked in a hierarchical model according to their challenge-creating intensity. The findings revealed that political and economic uncertainty, poor governance and regulatory framework, inflationary pressures, low scalability and sustainability, etc., are the foremost factors that create challenging situations for investors of impact funds. The study findings can be helpful for future researchers and scholars, policymakers, active and potential investors, and the members of regulatory bodies accordingly.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Impact funds
  topic: keywords
subject: MICMAC analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: R-software
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture sector
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-economic returns
  topic: keywords
subject: ISM
  topic: keywords
creator: Kanwal Iqbal Khan
creator: Ayesha Shehzad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kanwal Iqbal Khan, Ayesha Shehzad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-14
publication date: 2025-04-14
starting page: 383
ending page: 404
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i4.1307

Interactional Injustice, Stress, and the Rise of Coworker Incivility: A Time-Lagged Study in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
type: item
description: The study aims to examine the relationship between interactional injustice and perceived coworker incivility directly and through stress, building on stress-appraisal theory. The theory provides the framework for how individuals interpret and respond to stressors. The time-lagged study design was used to collect data from 192 bank employees, and data was analyzed by developing and testing a structural model in AMOS. The finding reveals that interactional injustice and stress are positively related to perceived coworker incivility. Moreover, the stress significantly mediated the relationship between interactional injustice and perceived coworker incivility. The primary novelty of the current study lies in developing a framework that identifies the antecedent of coworker incivility and the mechanism that breeds incivility at work. In this way, the current study offers actionable insights for managers to foster fair interpersonal treatment in the workplace that can reduce stress and perceived coworker incivility. Moreover, the current study was conducted in Pakistan's banking sector. Future research may be conducted in other sectors to generalize the findings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interactional injustice
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived coworker incivility
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasreen Anis
creator: Tariq Hameed Alvi
creator: Ahmad Qammar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nasreen Anis, Tariq Hameed Alvi, Ahmad Qammar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-14
publication date: 2025-04-14
starting page: 405
ending page: 428
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i4.1306

Cognitive and Emotional Drivers of Risk Perception and Financial Success: Pakistan Stock Market Perspective
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of cognitive and emotional biases; herding behavior, loss aversion, cognitive biases, and overconfidence on risk perception and financial performance in the Pakistani stock market. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data from 248 individual investors, the findings reveal that herding behavior, cognitive biases, and overconfidence significantly influence risk perception, whereas loss aversion has an insignificant effect. Risk perception mediates the relationship between psychological factors and financial performance, highlighting its critical role in investment outcomes. The study underscores the importance of addressing behavioral biases to improve decision-making and economic success. Practical implications include the need for investor education and strategies to mitigate biases, thereby promoting rational investment behavior in emerging markets like Pakistan. This research contributes to the behavioral finance literature by providing localized insights into the psychological drivers of investor behavior and their implications for financial performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herding behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: overconfidence
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: financial performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumera Mehmood
creator: Ammar Ahmed Siddiqui
creator: Danish Hussain
creator: Faryal Abbas Abdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sumera Mehmood, Ammar Ahmed Siddiqui, Danish Hussain, Faryal Abbas Abdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-14
publication date: 2025-04-14
starting page: 481
ending page: 500
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i4.1287

Impact of Capital Structure, Corporate Governance, Macroeconomic Factor on Financial Distress of Shariah Compliant Firms in Pakistan
type: item
description: Abstract Purpose: Capital structure choice, corporate governance practices and the economic condition of the country are some of those factors that may influence the firm’s financial health. This study evaluates the effect of capital structure, corporate governance, and macroeconomic factors on firm financial distress of Shariah compliant firms in Pakistan. Design: This empirical analysis contains 238 listed Shariah non-financial firms of Pakistan during the period of 2015 to 2022. Findings: The study finds a negative linkage between capital structure, macroeconomic factor and firm financial distress of Shariah compliant firms. The corporate governance index is positively correlated with the firm’s financial distress. Conclusion and Implications: The outcomes of this study have practical implications for managers, investors, authorities, and researchers. Managers should be aware of debt financing and governance practices because it is one of the major causes of firm financial distress. Managers should also embrace the financial position and governance structure as their top agenda because financial position and governance quality helps to establish good relationships with various stakeholders which helps to facilitate a firm’s access to alternative sources of finance and decrease the firm usage of debts, hence reducing the probability of firm financial distress. Investors should consider their financial position when making investment decisions because a strong financial position decreases default risk which serves as potential protection for investments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Capital structure
  topic: keywords
subject: corporate governance
  topic: keywords
subject: shariah compliant
  topic: keywords
subject: financial distress
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamood Ur Rehman
creator: Resul Sapar
creator: Muzafar Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hamood Ur Rehman, Resul Sapar, Muzafar Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-30
publication date: 2025-01-30
starting page: 360
ending page: 382
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i3.1290

Trust Mechanisms in the Sharing Economy
type: item
description: Trust is changing its shape from local to institutional and now to be distributed. The sharing economy is one example of distributed trust enabled through technology. At the same time, the risk is perceived as high in the sharing economy due to transactions between strangers. The extant research investigating how trust is developed in the sharing economy needs to be expanded. The dynamic landscape of trust, risk perception, and the limited incidence of trust mechanism research in the sharing economy call for research to investigate the effects of different trust-inducing mechanisms on the sharing economy's performance. Employing the stimulus-organism-response model as the theoretical lens and reviewing the literature on trust in the sharing economy, the current conceptual research categorizes the trust-inducing mechanisms: (a) the platform, (b) interpersonal, and (c) third-party trust mechanisms. In so doing, it advances two theory and practice-based propositions: (1) platform, interpersonal, and third-party trust-inducing mechanisms spur sharing economy performance by mitigating the risk perceived by peers, and (2) these trust mechanisms spur sharing economy performance by fostering trust in the platform, which mitigates the risk perception of using the platform. Thus, this research highlights the importance of trust mechanisms in enhancing sharing economy performance. It offers valuable insights for future research on trust-building strategies and their impact on user engagement and platform success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sharing economy
  topic: keywords
subject: trust in sharing economy
  topic: keywords
subject: trust mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: types of trust mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: stimulus-organism-response model (SOR).
  topic: keywords
creator: Tariq Hameed Alvi
creator: Samia Tariq
creator: Amad Rashid
creator: Maryyam Qasim Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tariq Hameed Alvi, Samia Tariq, Amad Rashid, Maryyam Qasim Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-30
publication date: 2025-01-30
starting page: 228
ending page: 254
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i3.1284

Impact of Social Media Influencers on Follower’s Purchase Intention and the Mediation Effect of Consumer Attitude
type: item
description: The advancement in the digital landscape in recent years has driven brands, especially in the food industry, to adopt modern marketing approaches by leveraging social media influencers (SMIs). These individuals have the ability to change the perception of their customers while influencing their buying decisions. Due to lower profit margins in traditional marketing than in SMI marketing, and with the surge in social media usage like Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram, food brands are now moving more towards SMIs to promote their products. The aim of this report is to determine the impact of source credibility (i.e., trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, and similarity) of SMIs on follower’s buying intention and the mediating effect of consumer attitude towards it. The research involves a target audience of the age group 16-40 years. The data was gathered from 284 participants using a purposive sampling technique. Then the measurement and structural models were taken into account to carry out analysis. As per the results, all hypotheses are accepted except one hypothesis. Findings suggest that attractiveness has the most effect on the purchase intention of the followers, followed by similarity. It was found that the consumer attitude behaves as a mediator between attractiveness of SMIs and follower’s purchase intention. Besides that, trustworthiness also affects the followers’ purchase intention but to a lesser extent compared to attractiveness and similarity. Moreover, no relationship exists between follower’s purchase intention and expertise. This research aims to assist brand managers in assessing the potential benefits of investing in SMIs and understanding their key attributes that significantly impact consumer preferences. By identifying the types of SMIs that resonate most with consumers, the research seeks to provide insights into whether engaging with SMIs can enhance product sales and contribute positively to overall business.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Food industry
  topic: keywords
subject: purchase decision
  topic: keywords
subject: social media influencer
  topic: keywords
subject: source credibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Zeeshan Hyder Memon
creator: Zoha Furqan
creator: Shahnihal Alwani
creator: Syed Farzan Azhar
creator: Bilal Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zeeshan Hyder Memon, Zoha Furqan, Shahnihal Alwani, Syed Farzan Azhar , Bilal Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-14
publication date: 2025-04-14
starting page: 457
ending page: 480
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i4.1260

Investigating the Relationship between ERP-Related Technostress and Employee Performance
type: item
description: This study investigates the factors affecting the adoption of ERP systems in enhancing employee performance. Interestingly, it integrates the mediating role of Techno-Stressors to understand the negative effect of technology on the employee well-being which ultimately affects the performance of employees. The theoretical framework of this study is majorly based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is most extensively applied model for the adoption of IT by end users. The data for this was collected from 123 participants in order to test the hypothesis while the hypothesis was checked with the SPSS Amos 23. This study firstly reconfirmed the TAM, stating that the intention to use ERP is driven by Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU). Furthermore, findings show a positive link between Intentions to use (IU) ERP systems with Usage of ERP. Additionally, the interesting part is that the study finds Usage of ERP positively impacts Employee performance but when the techno-stressor introduce as a mediator it will not enhance employee performance but instead causes stress to individuals in different forms. These insights underscore the importance of managing techno-stress to optimize ERP outcomes. It is concluded that ERP systems pave the way for substantial performance benefits, so organizations must consider and address the effects techno-stress to fully leverage these systems for sustainable productivity gains.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
  topic: keywords
subject: techno-stressor
  topic: keywords
subject: technology acceptance model (TAM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Mustafeez ur Rehman Khanzada
creator: Shaheryar Khan
creator: Fawad Alam
creator: Sadaf Nagi
creator: Muhammad Bilal Kamal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Mustafeez ur Rehman Khanzada, Shaheryar Khan, Fawad Alam, Sadaf Nagi, Muhammad Bilal Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 149
ending page: 174
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i2.1259

Cryptocurrency Predictive Analytics: A Comparative Study of LSTM, CNN, and GRU Models
type: item
description: This paper investigates the efficacy of deep learning models such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) for cryptocurrency price prediction, examining their short-term and long-term forecasting accuracy for investor guidance and advancing AI in financial analysis. The study uses time series analysis with LSTM, CNN, and GRU models on daily cryptocurrency prices from Investing.com, preprocessing data before testing on Bitcoin, Ethereum Classic, Ethereum, Litecoin, Monero, and the other 37 cryptocurrencies. RMSE, MAE, and accuracy rates measure performance. Findings revealed that only six cryptocurrencies were selected for final analysis, including Bitcoin, Ethereum Classic, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Monero. Results indicate that the deep learning models, particularly the LSTM and GRU, can predict cryptocurrency prices with high accuracy, especially for short-term forecasts within a 7-day window. The CNN model demonstrates significant predictive power, suggesting its utility for immediate trading decisions. Across the models, short-term precision was remarkably high, while long-term predictions maintained a moderate level of accuracy. This study presents a comparative analysis of LSTM, GRU, and CNN models for forecasting cryptocurrency prices, emphasizing LSTM and GRU's ability to navigate price volatility and suggesting their use for real-time trading analysis. The study's historical data reliance curtails forecasting unforeseen market shifts. Future studies should include new variables like social sentiment and blockchain analytics and test real-time adaptive models to enhance predictive strength. Model validation in actual market conditions is recommended for practical application.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cryptocurrency
  topic: keywords
subject: price prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: time series analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: financial forecasting
  topic: keywords
creator: Jahanzaib Alvi
creator: Kehkashan Nizam
creator: Saeb Muhammad Jafri
creator: Muhammad Rehan
creator: Muhammad Muzaffar Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahanzaib Alvi, Kehkashan Nizam, Saeb Muhammad Jafri , Muhammad Rehan, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-30
publication date: 2025-01-30
starting page: 255
ending page: 287
doi: 10.22555/pbr.v26i3.1236