Brand Identity and Brand Image Congruence to improve branding Practices: A Multi-Case Study on Startups
A Multi-Case Study on Startups
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22555/ijelcs.v9i1.1106Keywords:
brand identity, brand image, brand prism, startupsAbstract
This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, digital competencies, social media usage, and work performance in Pakistan’s automobile sector. The research explores the roles of trust, mindfulness, shared vision, digital competency, knowledge transfer, and network ties within this industry. The automobile industry demands high levels of employee performance, and social media networks are increasingly used for communication and interaction. This research hypothesizes that social media usage fosters employee trust, leading to better interaction and knowledge transfer. Additionally, mindfulness training is proposed to enhance work performance and reduce employee turnover. A quantitative approach with a conceptual framework will test these hypotheses. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of how these factors influence work performance in the Pakistani automobile industry.
References
Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand
name. New York, 28(1), 35-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(94)90009-4
Aaker, D. A. (1996).Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California
management review, 38(3). 102-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165845
Aghazadeh, H., Haghighi, M., Torkestani, M. S., & Zare, M. S. (2023). Investigating the
Process and Factors Affecting the Branding of Startups in Iran: A Multiple-Case
Study. Journal of Business Management, 15(1), 27-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/JIBM.2020.289327.3649
Allan, G. (2020). Qualitative research. In Handbook for research students in the social
sciences (177-189). London, Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003070993-
Aminova, M., & Marchi, E. (2021). The role of innovation on start-up failure vs. its
success. International Journal of Business Ethics and Governance, 4(1), 41-72.
https://doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v4i1.60
Ayres, L., Kavanaugh, K., & Knafl, K. A. (2003). Within-case and across-case
approaches to qualitative data analysis. Qualitative health research, 13(6), 871-
https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303013006008
Balmer, J. M., & Podnar, K. (2021). Corporate brand orientation: Identity, internal
images, and corporate identification matters. Journal of Business Research, 134,
(729-737). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.016
Brexendorf, Tim & Keller, Kevin. (2017). Leveraging the corporate brand: The
importance of corporate brand innovativeness and brand architecture. European
Journal of Marketing. 51(3):00-00. 10.1108/EJM-07-2017-0445
Blank, S. (2013). Why the lean start-up changes everything. Harvard business
review, 91(5), 63-72.
Chan, T. H. (2023). How brands can succeed communicating social purpose: engaging
consumers through empathy and self-involving gamification. International
Journal of Advertising, 42(5), 801-834.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2022.2116846
Çil, E. B., & Pangburn, M. S. (2017). Mass customization and guardrails: “You can not
be all things to all people”. Production and Operations Management, 26(9), 1728-
Closa, C. (2021). Planning, implementing and reporting: Increasing transparency,
replicability and credibility in qualitative political science research. European
Political Science, 20(2), 270-280. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-020-00299-2
Cruzes, D. S., Dybå, T., Runeson, P., & Höst, M. (2014). Case studies synthesis: a
thematic, cross-case, and narrative synthesis worked example. Empirical Software
Engineering, 20, 1634-1665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9326-8
Davidson, E., Edwards, R., Jamieson, L., & Weller, S. (2019). Big data, qualitative style:
a breadth-and-depth method for working with large amounts of secondary
qualitative data. Quality & quantity, 53, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-
-0757-y
Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2020). Brand co-creation: a
comprehensive review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 113,
-241. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2018-0423.
Erjansola, A. M., & Lipponen, J. (2024). Corporate visual identity. In Elgar Encyclopedia
of Corporate Communication (pp. 361-366). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Fu, H., Liu, Z., Zhu, W., & Seong, D. (2024). Marketing Strategy and Brand Building of
Agricultural Products from the Perspective of Digital Media Application. Journal
of Statistics Applications & Probability, 3, 1075-1095.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/jsap/130318
Gaski, J. F. (2020). A history of brand misdefinition–with corresponding implications for
mismeasurement and incoherent brand theory. Journal of Product & Brand
Management, 29(4), 517-530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-11-2018-2124
Gog, M. (2015). Case study research. International Journal of Sales, Retailing &
Marketing, 4(9), 33-41.
Guliyev, S. (2023). The Impact of Brand Perception and Brand Image on Consumer
Purchasing Behavior in Azerbaijan. Science, Education and Innovations in the
context of modern problems, 6(1), 137-144. : http://dx.doi.org/10.56334/sei/6.1.5
Guzman-Serratos, J. L., Martinez-Ramirez, R. D., Gutierrez-Jimenez, I., Vargas-
Amésquita, A., Aceves-Avila, F. J., & Ramos-Remus, C. (2024). Analysis of theimage and corporate identity of the Colegio Mexicano de Reumatologia: Is it time
to redefine it?. Reumatología Clínica.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2024.02.003
Hassan, M. A. E., Zerva, K., & Aulet, S. (2024). A Model for Brand Personality Word
Embedding: Identifying UNESCO World Heritage Personality
Categories. Journal of Travel Research, 63(1), 44-63.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221147142
Ianenko, M., Stepanov, M., & Mironova, L. (2020). Brand identity development. In E3S
web of conferences, 164(3) 09015. EDP Sciences.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016409015
Iglesias, O., Ind, N. Towards a theory of conscientious corporate brand co-creation: the
next key challenge in brand management. J Brand Manag, 27, 710–720 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-020-00205-7
Jones, I. (2022) Research methods for sports studies. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor
& Francis Group.
Kapferer, J. N. (2009). Kapferer's Brand-Identity Prism Model. European Institute for
Brand Management, 24, 1-3.
Keller, K. L. (2023). Looking forward, looking back: developing a narrative of the past,
present and future of a brand. Journal of Brand Management, 30(1), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-022-00309-2
Koh, H. K., Burnasheva, R., & Suh, Y. G. (2022). Perceived ESG (environmental, social,
governance) and consumers’ responses: The mediating role of brand credibility,
Brand Image, and perceived quality. Sustainability, 14(8), 4515.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084515
Kolosok, A., & Koniukh, I. (2017). Definition of startup projects, main problems and
prospects of development. Economic journal of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National
University, 4(12), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.29038/2411-4014-2017-04-62-67
Kwekha-Rashid, A. S., Abduljabbar, H. N., & Alhayani, B. (2023). Coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) cases analysis using machine-learning applications. Applied
Nanoscience, 13(3), 2013-2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01868-7
Manavis, A., Kakoulis, K., & Kyratsis, P. (2023). A Brief Review of Computational
Product Design: A Brand Identity Approach. Machines, 11(2), 232.
https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11020232
Merrilees, B. (2007). A theory of brand-led SME new venture development. Qualitative
Market Research: An International Journal, 10(4), 403-415.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750710819739
Nandan, S. (2005). An exploration of the brand identity–brand image linkage: A
communications perspective. Journal of Brand Management, 12, 264-278.
https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540222
Parris, D. L., & Guzman, F. (2022). Evolving brand boundaries and expectations: looking
back on brand equity, brand loyalty, and brand image research to move
forward. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 32(2),191-234.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-06-2021-3528
Pilz Sonnby, A., & Knutsson, P. (2022). Brand Building for Startups: A brand building
framework for startups to establish a coherent and long lasting brand, 79. KTH
Sánchez-Robles, M., Saura, J. R., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). Overcoming the
challenges of cooperative startups businesses: insights from a bibliometric
network analysis. Review of Managerial Science, 18, 1-32.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00670-9
Saunders, M. N., & Bezzina, F. (2015). Reflections on conceptions of research
methodology among management academics. European Management
Journal, 33(5), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2015.06.002
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students.
Pearson education. New York.
Saxena, N. K., & Dhar, U. (2021). Building Brand Image: A Multi-Perspective
Analysis. Ilkogretim Online, 20(5).
https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.05.425
Sharma, A., & Sharma, B. K. (2023). Are StartUps and Small Businesses Ready to Adopt
Digital Branding Strategies? A Critical Assessment. In Digital Technologies for
Smart Business, Economics and Education: Towards a Promising Future (pp. 129-
. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.61808/jsrt94
Shufutinsky, A. (2020). Employing use of self for transparency, rigor, trustworthiness,
and credibility in qualitative organizational research methods. Organization
Development Review, 52(1), 50-58.
Silverman, R. M., & Patterson, K. (2021). Qualitative research methods for community
development 2 nd edition. Routledge.
Sjoberg, G., Orum, A. M., & Feagin, J. R. (2020). A case for the case study. The
University of North Carolina Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579984
Thomas, G. (2021). How to do your case study. How to do your case study, 1-320.
Tufa, G., & Kant, S. (2023). Introductory Qualitative Research in Psychology by Carla
Willig: A Book Review. Partners Universal International Innovation
Journal, 1(2), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7853394
Ward, E., Yang, S., Romaniuk, J., & Beal, V. (2020). Building a unique brand identity:
Measuring the relative ownership potential of brand identity element
types. Journal of Brand Management, 27(2), 393-407.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-020-00187-6
Wijaya, B. S. (2013). Dimensions of brand image: A conceptual review from the
perspective of brand communication. European Journal of Business and
Management, 5(31) 55-65. https://doi.org/10.13140/ejbm.2013.55.65
Yadav, D. (2022). Criteria for good qualitative research: A comprehensive review. The
Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 31(6), 679-689.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00619-0
Zéman, Z., & Bogdan, A. (2019). Marketing strategy and building brand value on the
Hungarian market. Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum, 13(2), 1-9.






