Job Stress among ECE Teachers of Karachi
Keywords:
early childhood education; ECE teachers; job stress; teacher stressAbstract
This research was aimed at discovering the levels of job stress among Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers of Karachi and the contribution of their marital status on job stress. The research method was quantitative in nature, for which two hypotheses were formed. First hypothesis assumed that the ECE teachers of Karachi would have a significant level of job stress and the second assumed that there would be a noteworthy dissimilarity between the scores of job stress of married and single teachers of ECE. For this purpose, 127 single and married ECE teachers from schools of Karachi responded to an adapted form of Job Stress Inventory (JSI), which measured their level of overall job stress. The results revealed that the ECE teachers of private schools of Karachi did not face any significant level of job stress and both, married and single ECE teachers experienced the same level of stress at job.
References
Aftab, M., & Khatoon, T. (2012). Demographic differences and occupational stress of
secondary school teachers. European Scientific Journal, 8(5).
Agarwal, R. N. (2015). Stress, job satisfaction and job commitment‘s relation
with attrition with special reference to Indian IT sector. Management and
Innovation for Competitive Advantage.
Ahmad, N., & Ashraf, M. (2016). The impact of occupational stress on university
employees’ personality. Journal of Education and Educational Development,
(2), 178-202.
Alam, M. T., & Farid, S. (2011). Factors affecting teachers’ motivation. International
Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(1), 298-304.
Al-Amri, A. A. (2004). Job Stress among Teachers. J. of King Saud University-Arts,
(2), 36-42.
Ali, K., Ishtiaq, I., & Ahmad, M. (2013). occupational stress effects and job
performance in the teachers of schools of Punjab (Pakistan). International
Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(11), 665.
Anbazhagan, M., & Rajan, D. L. S. (2013). A conceptual framework of occupational
stress and coping strategies. ZENITH International Journal of Business
Economics & Management Research, 3(5), 154-172.
Bashir, U., & Ramay, M. I. (2010). Impact of stress on employees job performance
a study on banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Marketing
Studies, 2(1), 122-126.
Bhamani, S. (2012). Factors Determining Job Satisfaction of Early Childhood
Teachers. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(1), 43-48.
Borg, M. G., & Falzon, J. M. (1989). Stress and job satisfaction among primary
school teachers in Malta. Educational Review, 41(3), 271-279.
Boyle, G. J., Borg, M. G., Falzon, J. M., & Baglioni Jr, A. J. (1995). A structural
model of the dimensions of teacher stress. British Journal of Educational
Psychology, 65(1), 49.
Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A., & Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee engagement:
A review paper on factors affecting employee engagement. Indian Journal
of Science and Technology, 9(15), 1-7.
Cox, T., & Macay, C. J. (1976). Psychological model of Occupational stress, A
Paper presented to medical research council meeting. Mental health in
Industry, London. November.
Dewe, P. J. (1986). An investigation into the causes and consequences of teacher
stress. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies.
Eskridge, D. H., & Coker, D. R. (1985). Teacher stress: Symptoms, causes, and
management techniques. The Clearing House, 387-390.
Essa, E. (2013). Introduction to Early Childhood Education. Cengage Learning.
Ismail, S. N., & Abdullah, A. S. (2019). A structural equation model describes
factors contributing teachers’ job stress in primary schools. International
Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1251-1262.
Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1982). After-effects of job-related stress: Families as
victims. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 63-77.
Kalimo, R., Tenkanen, L., Härmä, M., Poppius, E., & Heinsalmi, P. (2000). Job
stress and sleep disorders: findings from the Helsinki Heart Study. Stress
and health, 16(2), 65-75.
Kawakami, N., Araki, S., & Kawashima, M. (1990). Effects of job stress on
occurrence of major depression in Japanese industry: a case-control study
nested in a cohort study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 32(8), 722-725.
Krohne, H. W. (2001). Stress and coping theories. The international encyclopedia
of the social and behavioral sciences, 22, 15163-15170.
Lambert, R. G., & McCarthy, C. J. (2006). Understanding teacher stress in an age
of accountability. Iap.
Lazzarino, A. I., Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E., & Steptoe, A. (2013). The combined
association of psychological distress and socioeconomic status with all-
cause mortality: a national cohort study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(1),
-27.
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress
throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and cognition. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience, 10(6), 434-445.
Malik, S. K., & Khan, K. (2012). Contributions of AGA Khan Education Services
Pakistan in Early Childhood Development. Elixir Soc. Sci., 47(2012), 8731-
Maqsood, R., Chaudhry, B., Zia, Q., & Cheema, A. (2005). Problems of employed
women at Faisalabad-Pakistan. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences,
(3), 245-247.
Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family practice, 13(6),
-526.
Miller, L. H., Smith, A. D., & Rothstein, L. (1994). The stress solution: An action
plan to manage the stress in your life. Pocket. In Kerr, C. B. (1997).
Stress and burnout in independent piano teachers in Oklahoma (Doctoral
dissertation).
Milstein, M., & Farkas, J. (1988). The over-stated case of educator stress. Journal
of Educational Administration, 26(2), 232-249.
Montgomery, C., & Rupp, A. A. (2005). A meta-analysis for exploring the diverse
causes and effects of stress in teachers. Canadian Journal of Education/
Revue canadienne de l’éducation, 458-486.
Murray-Gibbons, R., & Gibbons, C. (2007). Occupational stress in the chef
profession. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,
(1), 32-42.
Naseem, Z., & Khalid, R. (2012). Daily stressors of university teachers of Pakistan:
Development and validation of a scale. Journal of Research, 6(1), 1-15.
Nelson, D. L., & Simmons, B. L. (2005). Eustress and attitudes at work: a positive approach.
Research Companion to Organizational Health Psychology, 102.
Nishitani, N., Sakakibara, H., & Akiyama, I. (2009). Eating behavior related to obesity and
job stress in male Japanese workers. Nutrition, 25(1), 45-50.
Parveen, N. (2009). Investigating occupational stress among married and unmarried
working women in Hyderabad City. Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology,
, 21-37.
Payne, R., & Donaghy, M. (2010). Payne’s handbook of relaxation techniques. London:
Churchill Livingstone.
Bagheri, H., & Bagheri, M. (2013). Equilibration in transcendental Meditation (TM).
Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2(3), 14-20.
Pervez, S., & Hanif, R. (2003). Levels and sources of work stress among women school
teachers. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 18(3-4).
Rasheed, M. I., Humayon, A. A., & Awan, U. (2016). Factors affecting teachers’ motivation.
International Journal of Educational Management, 30(1), 101-114.
Sadiq, R., & Ali, A. Z. (2014). Dual responsibility: A contributing factor to psychological
ill-being in married working women. Academic Research International, 5(2), 300.
Sandilos, L. E., Goble, P., Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Pianta, R. C. (2018). Does professional
development reduce the influence of teacher stress on teacher–child interactions in
pre-kindergarten classrooms? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42, 280-290.
Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138(3479), 32.
Solman, R., & Feld, M. (1989). Occupational stress: Perceptions of teachers in Catholic
schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 27(3).
Sultana, B., Bano, Y., Bano, F., & Shafa, M. D. (2012). The nature and impact of teacher
stress in the private schools of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. International Journal of
Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 1(2), 10-14.
Syed, S. Z., Asif, M., & Yousaf, A. (2011). Rethinking ECE in Pakistan. Journal of
Elementary Education, 21(2), 65-76.
Ursache, A., Noble, K. G., & Blair, C. (2015). Socioeconomic status, subjective social
status, and perceived stress: Associations with stress physiology and executive
functioning. Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 145-154.
Viner, R. (1999). Putting stress in life Hans Selye and the making of stress theory. Social
Studies of Science, 29(3), 391-410.
Zekaj, X. (2015). Impact of stress on teachers’ productivity as an important factor in the
increase of educational quality. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2),
-251. doi: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s2p245
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Education and Educational Development

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.















